# Global Fire Emissions Database version 5 (GFED5) summary table. Data available for 1997-2024. # Please see www.globalfiredata.org for more information or contact guido.vanderwerf@wur.nl # Note that fire emission estimates carry substantial uncertainty # # Toluene_Lump emissions estimates in 1E9 g Toluene_Lump for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) '97-'24 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 | Mean BONA 211 690 261 215 120 340 232 948 430 290 215 225 250 455 290 284 644 497 818 196 399 208 394 44 384 469 2565 1105 | 471 TENA 27 36 32 34 23 21 25 20 25 33 37 39 22 21 36 33 24 27 37 31 52 42 18 84 53 31 32 35 | 34 CEAM 63 261 62 111 73 80 113 54 106 73 72 83 96 64 133 62 98 50 73 88 99 66 101 97 72 66 111 132 | 92 NHSA 46 64 32 48 43 25 62 43 29 26 47 32 32 37 18 26 32 40 43 82 25 46 69 53 20 39 45 80 | 43 SHSA 629 558 624 342 311 321 458 721 778 517 714 447 330 594 274 402 235 276 475 398 475 268 467 607 447 586 510 957 | 491 EURO 20 22 16 30 22 12 19 15 19 18 22 15 15 10 18 22 12 14 11 13 27 15 15 10 15 17 11 19 | 17 MIDE 4 9 6 4 6 5 5 6 6 7 8 5 10 9 9 7 8 7 10 10 10 4 7 8 8 4 6 6 | 7 NHAF 611 768 648 810 537 523 529 562 578 481 577 591 505 499 563 541 487 490 563 692 595 518 468 596 546 519 550 611 | 570 SHAF 604 798 583 589 760 725 717 674 769 648 654 720 740 754 718 718 806 707 801 806 732 712 745 713 779 693 778 784 | 723 BOAS 717 1734 811 989 852 1337 2141 344 711 924 519 1049 746 791 1022 2403 1210 1062 620 1567 770 1048 1664 1900 1893 593 819 1011 | 1116 TEAS 141 112 71 88 107 126 86 88 93 96 141 155 110 81 57 99 58 101 93 52 88 57 74 66 48 51 51 50 | 88 SEAS 211 331 296 211 211 163 279 372 287 260 331 254 333 392 240 339 330 332 296 360 232 233 368 339 334 193 354 298 | 293 EQAS 2788 724 312 324 114 315 216 481 253 910 105 104 441 64 287 335 162 676 1128 89 42 168 581 43 31 21 227 51 | 393 AUST 131 124 231 242 229 169 141 161 102 167 146 94 152 73 189 173 121 135 139 120 155 164 394 194 96 87 187 111 | 159 Global 6211 6237 3993 4042 3413 4169 5029 4495 4191 4458 3594 3819 3788 3852 3861 5452 4233 4422 5114 4510 3708 3556 5374 4762 4732 3376 6252 5257 | 4497 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 3 0 0 3 0 3 0 | 1 TENA 9 12 10 12 7 5 7 6 8 13 16 10 8 6 14 13 8 7 10 10 14 13 6 16 15 10 7 11 | 11 CEAM 31 124 29 56 46 48 48 29 51 34 36 42 46 35 56 34 49 26 37 48 52 35 49 47 36 35 49 48 | 45 NHSA 20 23 14 20 23 14 21 19 16 14 22 15 15 14 9 11 15 17 16 20 12 20 21 24 10 15 19 25 | 18 SHSA 170 165 153 96 138 127 160 185 190 153 229 153 115 193 121 155 112 123 158 143 166 96 131 157 129 136 127 149 | 148 EURO 6 7 5 11 3 2 5 3 6 4 7 2 3 2 5 8 3 2 3 3 11 2 3 3 3 5 2 3 | 5 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 | 1 NHAF 482 641 544 671 461 457 446 469 479 398 471 500 420 412 462 445 415 408 458 554 487 423 367 464 426 402 408 446 | 465 SHAF 534 693 514 514 711 684 633 583 651 556 582 636 631 654 627 621 675 614 663 667 628 600 621 621 644 597 656 618 | 623 BOAS 21 29 18 20 29 27 40 27 18 32 20 36 24 27 21 20 9 23 15 11 10 13 13 12 16 17 18 7 | 21 TEAS 34 29 19 22 24 37 31 34 31 33 30 33 27 26 18 22 16 28 27 15 24 17 23 21 15 15 13 10 | 24 SEAS 139 205 182 124 149 111 184 232 176 171 206 166 217 239 154 224 208 208 182 223 161 155 234 207 223 129 224 187 | 187 EQAS 71 36 16 18 4 10 6 15 9 23 8 7 15 4 11 12 7 18 27 4 2 6 11 1 1 1 7 3 | 13 AUST 87 90 184 192 198 137 73 129 72 109 107 70 91 50 165 145 71 95 94 68 111 118 93 61 75 69 155 81 | 107 Global 1611 2064 1696 1764 1799 1665 1662 1739 1714 1546 1740 1677 1619 1672 1668 1717 1595 1578 1697 1774 1689 1507 1579 1641 1605 1439 1694 1595 | 1670 Boreal forest fires: BONA 186 657 244 187 106 330 219 944 424 284 208 219 245 445 286 279 632 484 808 192 379 191 391 40 364 463 2534 1092 | 459 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 5 3 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 5 4 2 4 2 2 3 2 7 2 1 1 6 2 0 3 1 3 10 | 4 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 677 1678 776 951 778 1262 2056 273 660 842 471 973 687 724 972 2311 1180 1009 589 1536 742 1015 1628 1864 1853 553 777 992 | 1066 TEAS 65 50 19 33 14 35 13 3 4 11 54 43 18 5 3 38 2 3 9 1 13 3 5 2 1 1 2 1 | 17 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 934 2390 1044 1175 902 1632 2294 1224 1093 1145 740 1239 956 1178 1266 2633 1818 1504 1410 1732 1138 1218 2029 1908 2223 1020 3317 2097 | 1546 Temperate forest fires: BONA 2 3 2 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 5 10 0 0 11 2 13 3 | 3 TENA 11 15 14 14 6 9 8 6 6 11 12 19 6 5 11 10 9 11 18 12 28 22 6 59 31 14 17 16 | 15 CEAM 3 18 9 10 4 2 3 1 6 5 3 6 3 2 21 6 6 1 0 3 7 5 7 2 8 5 6 6 | 6 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 1 2 3 1 1 1 5 11 7 8 5 5 5 2 3 4 3 5 9 5 19 3 5 8 8 6 16 4 | 6 EURO 3 3 2 5 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 9 1 2 2 4 6 2 3 | 3 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 | 1 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 4 11 8 6 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 2 1 1 1 2 4 | 3 BOAS 9 15 10 8 17 19 20 20 10 25 12 22 20 25 13 10 5 19 10 7 8 13 10 6 15 11 13 5 | 14 TEAS 15 11 10 10 8 5 7 10 8 9 11 15 14 15 8 5 11 15 11 8 9 9 11 13 10 13 11 11 | 11 SEAS 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 | 1 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 37 26 37 41 23 24 61 22 21 49 35 20 53 17 15 19 42 30 36 44 33 37 285 128 15 14 25 25 | 44 Global 90 109 100 102 66 65 115 77 67 115 90 96 110 76 79 67 84 90 94 91 129 109 334 225 112 78 111 84 | 106 Tropical forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 16 85 13 30 13 19 45 11 32 23 20 23 33 16 41 13 31 13 25 24 27 15 30 35 19 16 40 63 | 28 NHSA 10 19 7 12 11 4 23 9 4 5 14 6 7 9 3 5 6 9 11 29 5 12 28 12 4 11 11 31 | 12 SHSA 389 315 380 192 133 152 244 431 498 286 420 195 133 331 110 163 84 121 254 185 233 133 232 285 215 354 281 682 | 266 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 53 52 38 60 17 14 25 37 41 31 46 35 33 36 49 47 28 38 53 79 57 46 53 81 73 66 93 109 | 50 SHAF 26 39 23 26 30 20 38 50 61 48 32 40 68 56 48 53 79 53 76 82 55 67 53 58 87 51 79 98 | 54 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 3 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 | 1 SEAS 34 77 64 43 37 28 62 94 72 61 88 57 80 113 56 79 82 86 69 84 39 42 87 86 70 33 92 69 | 68 EQAS 288 109 49 55 15 38 22 52 44 96 20 20 61 11 21 28 20 61 105 10 5 9 36 3 3 3 13 6 | 43 AUST 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 820 700 582 424 263 281 464 691 758 556 645 381 421 577 332 394 334 387 598 498 424 329 523 565 476 538 615 1063 | 523 Peat fires: BONA 2 8 1 1 3 3 7 1 1 1 1 2 0 3 0 1 9 6 3 0 5 1 0 0 3 1 13 8 | 4 TENA 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 2 CEAM 7 23 5 8 3 2 9 4 9 3 6 4 6 4 6 3 5 4 4 5 4 5 8 6 3 3 9 8 | 6 NHSA 14 20 10 14 9 5 17 13 8 6 10 9 9 13 5 9 10 13 14 31 6 12 19 16 4 11 13 22 | 13 SHSA 59 65 77 46 28 30 37 81 73 59 48 83 68 56 30 72 28 21 48 58 50 28 91 148 87 84 81 113 | 63 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 31 36 29 37 8 7 17 16 17 17 22 19 21 22 22 20 18 19 24 29 22 23 26 24 22 28 21 28 | 23 SHAF 34 44 30 34 11 13 37 34 48 35 30 34 32 36 35 36 43 31 53 49 41 35 64 27 40 40 35 58 | 38 BOAS 1 4 1 3 6 3 8 9 8 8 4 1 2 1 5 54 11 1 1 6 3 2 3 11 2 4 6 4 | 7 TEAS 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 6 5 2 | 3 SEAS 15 30 26 22 7 8 17 26 21 15 20 14 18 22 14 17 23 19 26 29 13 15 27 26 18 11 18 21 | 20 EQAS 2423 576 245 249 92 263 185 411 198 788 75 75 363 48 253 294 133 595 993 74 34 152 531 36 25 15 204 40 | 335 AUST 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 3 0 1 1 3 3 2 3 2 2 11 3 0 0 1 0 | 3 Global 2597 817 437 426 176 342 345 606 394 946 230 253 533 216 383 518 293 724 1182 295 192 284 791 306 218 211 413 311 | 516 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 18 19 10 22 9 6 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 0 1 1 | 5 TENA 4 5 4 5 7 5 7 6 8 6 6 6 5 7 6 7 5 5 7 6 6 4 4 6 4 4 5 5 | 6 CEAM 5 9 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 5 5 6 6 5 6 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 5 5 4 5 6 5 | 6 NHSA 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SHSA 9 8 9 5 9 8 11 10 8 8 10 9 7 9 7 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 8 5 4 3 6 | 7 EURO 5 6 5 9 14 5 5 8 6 6 6 8 5 4 8 6 4 4 3 4 5 5 6 3 3 3 2 2 | 6 MIDE 2 6 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 7 6 6 3 5 3 7 5 3 3 5 5 2 2 4 4 | 4 NHAF 43 38 35 40 49 43 40 39 39 33 36 35 30 28 30 27 25 23 26 29 27 24 21 25 23 21 26 27 | 32 SHAF 5 9 6 6 6 6 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 | 5 BOAS 6 6 5 5 19 24 15 11 12 15 11 16 11 11 9 7 2 9 4 4 5 3 8 6 5 6 3 1 | 9 TEAS 23 18 17 18 56 47 30 34 45 38 40 58 45 30 24 25 23 48 40 25 38 24 27 26 14 14 17 22 | 31 SEAS 20 18 21 21 15 15 13 17 16 11 15 14 14 14 15 17 15 16 17 19 17 19 18 18 20 16 17 17 | 17 EQAS 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 | 1 AUST 3 5 5 3 5 4 1 7 5 6 0 1 3 4 6 5 3 4 5 4 8 4 3 1 3 2 4 3 | 4 Global 155 156 133 148 206 182 146 156 163 147 148 170 147 131 130 120 106 136 131 118 134 106 116 115 96 87 100 104 | 136