# Global Fire Emissions Database version 5 (GFED5) summary table. Data available for 1997-2024. # Please see www.globalfiredata.org for more information or contact guido.vanderwerf@wur.nl # Note that fire emission estimates carry substantial uncertainty # # OC emissions estimates in 1E10 g OC for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) '97-'24 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 | Mean BONA 105 262 106 114 56 122 83 307 144 98 75 78 86 154 98 96 212 169 271 68 143 80 129 20 138 154 839 362 | 164 TENA 31 41 37 38 31 27 32 26 32 38 43 46 27 28 40 39 28 32 45 37 57 46 23 94 58 35 38 40 | 39 CEAM 53 204 54 91 65 69 88 51 88 62 61 71 78 55 111 55 80 43 59 73 84 57 82 76 62 58 89 99 | 76 NHSA 34 43 22 33 31 18 42 30 21 19 33 23 23 25 13 18 22 28 29 53 18 32 46 37 15 27 31 53 | 30 SHSA 414 372 408 228 225 228 320 477 505 349 479 309 231 400 199 279 172 197 320 273 330 186 310 402 299 376 335 591 | 330 EURO 22 27 19 37 37 16 22 23 23 21 25 23 17 13 26 26 15 14 14 17 31 16 20 13 16 19 12 14 | 21 MIDE 6 15 11 7 11 9 10 10 10 11 13 8 19 15 15 10 13 10 17 15 14 8 14 14 11 6 10 11 | 12 NHAF 535 655 558 689 497 479 474 497 508 424 501 515 438 430 481 461 420 416 474 575 501 437 390 492 452 428 455 500 | 489 SHAF 486 644 473 475 616 589 572 534 607 513 525 576 585 598 571 569 632 560 626 629 578 560 583 564 607 546 611 606 | 573 BOAS 260 594 286 343 339 503 751 164 270 362 207 401 288 309 367 815 404 384 222 522 269 360 563 633 637 221 290 334 | 397 TEAS 118 94 75 82 158 150 105 118 137 126 145 188 144 108 80 97 81 150 128 78 119 79 97 92 60 63 65 73 | 108 SEAS 187 268 248 184 182 145 225 296 233 208 263 208 267 305 198 275 264 267 240 292 200 201 297 273 278 169 285 245 | 240 EQAS 1663 435 189 196 70 191 131 289 152 544 64 64 264 39 173 201 97 404 672 54 26 102 347 27 19 13 137 31 | 236 AUST 122 115 205 212 199 149 133 147 95 158 129 85 142 70 167 154 114 124 130 115 146 149 404 196 87 79 165 102 | 147 Global 4042 3777 2697 2734 2523 2703 2994 2977 2831 2941 2569 2600 2614 2557 2545 3101 2563 2805 3253 2807 2522 2320 3313 2940 2745 2199 3368 3068 | 2862 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 | 1 TENA 7 9 8 9 5 4 6 5 7 10 13 8 6 5 11 10 6 6 8 8 11 10 5 13 12 8 5 9 | 9 CEAM 25 101 24 45 37 39 39 23 41 27 30 34 37 28 46 27 40 21 30 39 42 28 40 38 29 28 39 39 | 37 NHSA 16 19 11 16 18 11 17 16 13 11 17 12 12 11 7 9 12 14 13 16 10 16 17 19 8 12 15 21 | 14 SHSA 138 134 125 78 112 103 130 150 154 125 186 124 93 157 98 126 91 100 128 116 135 78 106 127 105 110 103 121 | 120 EURO 5 6 4 9 2 2 4 2 5 3 5 2 2 2 4 6 3 1 2 3 9 1 3 2 3 4 2 2 | 4 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 391 520 442 545 375 371 362 381 389 323 382 406 341 334 375 362 337 331 372 450 395 344 298 377 346 326 331 362 | 378 SHAF 433 563 417 418 577 555 514 473 529 451 473 516 513 531 509 504 548 499 538 542 510 488 504 505 523 485 533 502 | 506 BOAS 17 24 14 16 23 22 32 22 15 26 16 29 19 22 17 16 7 19 12 9 8 10 10 9 13 14 14 6 | 17 TEAS 27 23 16 18 19 30 25 28 25 26 24 27 22 21 14 18 13 23 22 12 19 14 19 17 12 12 10 8 | 20 SEAS 113 166 148 101 121 90 150 189 143 139 167 135 176 194 125 182 169 169 148 181 131 126 190 168 181 105 182 151 | 152 EQAS 58 29 13 14 3 8 5 12 7 19 6 6 12 3 9 9 6 15 22 3 1 4 9 1 1 1 6 2 | 11 AUST 71 73 150 156 161 111 59 105 58 88 87 57 74 41 134 118 57 77 76 55 90 96 75 49 61 56 126 66 | 87 Global 1309 1676 1377 1433 1461 1352 1350 1412 1392 1255 1413 1362 1315 1358 1355 1395 1296 1282 1378 1441 1372 1224 1282 1333 1304 1169 1375 1296 | 1356 Boreal forest fires: BONA 59 210 78 59 34 105 70 302 135 91 66 70 78 142 91 89 202 155 258 61 121 61 125 12 116 148 810 349 | 147 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 216 537 248 304 249 404 658 87 211 269 150 311 220 231 311 739 377 322 188 491 237 324 521 596 593 176 248 317 | 341 TEAS 20 16 6 10 4 11 4 1 1 3 17 13 5 1 1 12 0 0 2 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 5 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 299 764 334 376 288 522 734 391 349 366 236 396 306 376 405 842 581 481 451 554 364 389 649 610 711 326 1061 671 | 494 Temperate forest fires: BONA 2 3 3 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 5 11 0 0 12 2 14 3 | 3 TENA 12 17 16 16 7 10 9 6 6 12 13 21 7 5 13 10 9 13 20 13 31 24 6 65 34 16 19 17 | 16 CEAM 4 20 10 11 5 3 4 1 6 6 3 6 3 2 23 7 6 1 1 4 8 6 8 3 8 6 6 7 | 7 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 1 2 3 1 1 1 5 12 8 9 5 6 6 3 3 4 4 5 10 5 21 4 6 8 9 6 17 5 | 7 EURO 3 4 2 6 1 1 3 1 3 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 2 3 10 1 2 2 5 7 3 3 | 3 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 | 1 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 4 12 9 7 1 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 5 2 1 2 1 2 5 | 3 BOAS 10 16 11 9 19 21 22 22 11 27 13 24 22 28 15 11 6 21 11 7 9 14 11 6 16 12 15 5 | 15 TEAS 17 12 11 11 9 5 8 11 9 10 12 16 15 17 8 6 12 16 12 9 9 10 12 14 11 14 12 12 | 12 SEAS 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 2 | 1 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 41 29 40 45 25 26 67 24 23 53 39 22 58 19 17 21 46 32 39 48 36 41 313 140 16 15 27 27 | 48 Global 99 119 109 112 73 71 126 85 74 126 98 106 121 83 87 74 92 98 103 99 142 120 366 246 123 86 122 92 | 117 Tropical forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 9 47 7 17 7 11 25 6 18 13 11 13 18 9 23 7 17 7 14 13 15 8 17 20 10 8 23 35 | 16 NHSA 6 11 4 6 6 2 13 5 2 2 7 3 3 5 2 2 3 5 6 16 3 7 15 7 2 6 6 17 | 7 SHSA 219 177 214 108 75 85 137 242 280 161 236 109 75 186 62 92 47 68 143 104 131 74 130 160 121 199 158 383 | 150 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 30 29 21 34 9 8 14 21 23 17 26 19 18 20 27 26 15 21 30 44 32 26 29 46 41 37 52 61 | 28 SHAF 14 22 13 14 17 11 21 28 34 27 18 22 38 31 27 29 44 30 42 46 31 38 29 33 49 28 44 55 | 30 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 19 43 36 24 21 15 35 53 40 34 49 32 45 63 31 44 46 48 39 47 21 23 48 48 39 18 51 39 | 38 EQAS 162 61 27 30 8 21 12 29 24 54 11 11 34 6 12 15 11 34 59 6 2 5 20 2 1 2 7 3 | 24 AUST 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 461 394 327 238 148 158 261 389 426 313 363 214 237 324 186 221 188 217 336 280 238 185 294 317 268 303 345 598 | 294 Peat fires: BONA 1 4 1 0 1 2 4 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 5 4 1 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 7 4 | 2 TENA 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 CEAM 4 13 3 5 1 1 5 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 3 2 1 5 5 | 4 NHSA 8 11 6 8 5 3 10 8 5 3 6 5 5 7 3 5 6 7 8 18 4 7 11 9 2 7 8 13 | 8 SHSA 34 38 45 27 16 18 21 48 43 34 28 49 40 33 18 43 16 12 28 34 29 17 54 87 51 50 48 67 | 37 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 18 21 17 21 4 4 10 9 10 10 13 11 12 13 13 11 10 11 14 17 13 13 15 14 13 16 12 16 | 13 SHAF 20 26 18 20 6 7 22 20 28 21 18 20 19 21 21 21 25 18 31 29 24 20 38 15 24 23 20 34 | 22 BOAS 0 2 1 2 4 1 4 5 5 5 2 0 1 0 3 32 6 0 0 4 1 1 1 6 1 2 4 2 | 4 TEAS 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 | 2 SEAS 8 17 15 13 4 4 10 15 12 9 12 8 10 13 8 10 13 11 15 17 8 9 15 15 10 7 10 12 | 12 EQAS 1431 340 144 147 54 155 109 243 117 466 44 44 214 28 149 173 78 351 587 43 20 89 313 21 15 9 120 23 | 198 AUST 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 1534 482 258 252 103 202 204 358 233 559 136 150 315 128 226 306 173 428 698 174 113 168 467 181 128 125 244 183 | 305 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 40 42 22 49 19 13 5 2 6 5 5 6 5 6 5 5 3 6 7 5 8 4 3 6 4 1 3 3 | 11 TENA 10 12 10 10 16 12 16 13 17 14 14 14 12 16 13 15 11 11 15 14 13 10 10 14 10 10 12 12 | 13 CEAM 11 21 9 11 12 14 13 16 16 12 12 14 14 12 14 10 13 10 10 12 14 10 12 11 10 12 14 11 | 13 NHSA 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 | 1 SHSA 20 19 20 12 19 18 25 23 18 18 22 19 15 19 16 12 12 10 10 12 12 11 12 17 11 9 8 14 | 16 EURO 11 15 12 21 31 11 12 18 13 14 14 19 10 9 18 14 9 9 8 10 10 11 14 7 7 6 6 4 | 13 MIDE 5 13 9 5 10 8 8 8 8 9 9 5 17 13 13 6 11 7 15 12 8 7 12 12 6 4 8 10 | 10 NHAF 94 83 77 88 107 95 87 85 84 73 79 77 65 61 65 60 56 51 56 63 60 52 46 54 51 47 58 60 | 70 SHAF 13 20 15 14 13 13 12 10 12 10 12 12 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 9 8 | 11 BOAS 13 14 10 10 42 53 33 25 27 33 23 35 24 25 20 15 5 19 9 9 11 8 17 13 12 14 7 2 | 19 TEAS 50 40 38 39 122 102 65 74 98 83 88 127 97 65 53 56 52 106 87 55 83 52 60 57 32 31 37 49 | 68 SEAS 44 39 47 45 34 34 29 37 36 25 33 31 32 32 32 37 34 36 37 42 38 41 40 40 44 36 38 38 | 37 EQAS 11 4 3 3 3 5 3 4 2 5 1 1 2 0 2 2 1 2 3 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 2 1 | 3 AUST 7 11 11 7 11 9 3 16 11 14 1 4 6 9 14 12 7 10 11 8 18 9 8 3 8 6 10 8 | 9 Global 338 339 289 322 447 396 317 340 355 320 321 370 320 285 283 261 230 296 285 256 291 231 252 250 209 189 219 226 | 295