# Global Fire Emissions Database version 5 (GFED5) summary table. Data available for 1997-2024. # Please see www.globalfiredata.org for more information or contact guido.vanderwerf@wur.nl # Note that fire emission estimates carry substantial uncertainty # # NOx (as NO) emissions estimates in 1E10 g NO for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) '97-'24 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 | Mean BONA 21 48 20 23 10 21 15 53 25 17 13 13 16 29 17 17 36 30 47 12 29 17 22 3 26 26 146 62 | 30 TENA 15 20 18 20 13 11 14 11 15 21 25 19 14 12 23 22 14 14 19 18 25 22 11 34 26 17 14 19 | 19 CEAM 47 193 45 85 66 70 80 44 80 55 56 65 73 52 92 50 76 40 58 72 79 53 77 74 55 53 80 87 | 70 NHSA 30 37 20 30 33 20 36 28 22 20 33 22 22 22 13 16 21 26 25 37 18 30 38 35 15 24 28 44 | 27 SHSA 358 326 335 193 225 218 294 395 423 301 442 269 198 366 196 258 174 200 293 250 298 171 253 308 245 302 267 439 | 286 EURO 11 13 9 19 11 6 10 8 11 8 13 7 7 6 11 14 7 5 6 7 18 5 8 6 7 9 5 6 | 10 MIDE 2 4 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 2 3 3 | 3 NHAF 638 833 706 874 602 593 581 614 628 521 619 650 547 538 605 583 537 531 600 730 638 554 485 618 566 534 553 606 | 611 SHAF 676 881 651 653 895 858 803 744 834 711 737 807 811 835 798 793 870 784 854 861 802 772 794 794 834 762 846 807 | 796 BOAS 69 134 69 81 91 118 173 59 67 98 58 109 76 83 86 158 79 92 55 102 58 76 111 121 127 57 69 65 | 91 TEAS 60 49 36 40 59 71 56 62 63 62 62 75 59 50 36 45 34 62 55 32 50 35 45 41 28 28 27 25 | 49 SEAS 195 292 260 180 207 155 258 331 253 240 295 234 306 346 219 315 296 298 260 318 223 217 332 298 313 181 320 266 | 265 EQAS 295 109 48 53 15 39 24 55 36 97 20 20 57 12 32 37 22 70 114 12 6 17 50 5 4 4 23 8 | 46 AUST 117 119 238 248 252 177 103 168 96 147 139 91 124 68 211 187 97 126 126 95 147 155 167 99 98 90 199 107 | 143 Global 2540 3066 2466 2508 2488 2365 2456 2582 2561 2307 2523 2390 2321 2428 2347 2504 2273 2287 2523 2556 2401 2133 2401 2447 2356 2096 2585 2551 | 2446 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 4 0 0 3 0 3 0 | 2 TENA 11 15 13 15 8 7 9 7 10 16 20 12 9 7 17 16 10 9 12 13 17 16 8 20 19 12 9 14 | 13 CEAM 38 154 36 69 57 59 60 36 63 42 45 52 57 43 70 42 61 33 47 59 64 44 61 58 45 44 60 60 | 56 NHSA 25 29 17 25 28 18 26 24 19 18 27 19 19 18 11 14 19 22 20 25 15 25 26 29 13 19 23 32 | 22 SHSA 210 205 190 119 171 157 198 229 235 190 284 190 143 239 150 192 139 152 195 177 206 119 162 195 160 168 158 185 | 183 EURO 8 9 6 14 4 3 7 4 7 5 9 3 4 3 6 10 4 2 4 4 13 2 4 4 4 7 3 4 | 6 MIDE 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 NHAF 597 794 674 831 572 567 552 581 594 493 584 620 520 510 572 552 514 506 568 686 603 525 455 576 527 498 506 553 | 577 SHAF 661 859 637 637 880 847 785 722 807 689 721 788 782 811 777 770 837 761 822 827 778 744 769 770 799 740 813 766 | 772 BOAS 27 36 22 25 36 34 49 34 22 40 25 44 30 34 26 24 12 29 19 14 13 16 16 15 20 22 22 9 | 26 TEAS 42 35 24 28 30 45 39 42 39 40 37 41 33 32 22 28 20 35 33 18 30 21 28 26 19 18 16 12 | 30 SEAS 172 254 225 154 185 137 228 288 218 212 255 206 268 297 191 277 258 258 226 277 200 192 290 257 276 160 278 231 | 232 EQAS 88 44 20 22 5 13 8 18 12 29 10 9 19 5 13 15 9 23 34 5 2 7 14 2 2 2 9 4 | 16 AUST 108 111 228 238 245 170 91 161 89 135 132 87 113 63 205 180 88 118 117 85 137 146 115 76 93 86 192 100 | 133 Global 1997 2557 2101 2186 2228 2063 2060 2154 2123 1915 2156 2078 2006 2072 2067 2128 1977 1956 2103 2198 2093 1867 1956 2033 1989 1783 2099 1977 | 2069 Boreal forest fires: BONA 10 35 13 10 5 18 12 51 23 15 11 12 13 24 15 15 34 26 44 10 20 10 21 2 19 25 138 59 | 25 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 37 91 42 51 42 69 112 14 36 46 25 53 37 39 53 126 64 55 32 84 40 55 89 101 101 30 42 54 | 58 TEAS 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 51 130 57 64 49 89 125 66 59 62 40 67 52 64 69 144 99 82 77 94 62 66 110 104 121 55 181 114 | 85 Temperate forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 | 0 TENA 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 0 2 1 1 2 3 2 4 3 1 10 5 2 3 2 | 3 CEAM 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 | 1 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 BOAS 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 4 2 3 3 4 2 1 0 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 0 | 2 TEAS 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 | 2 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 6 4 6 7 4 4 10 3 3 8 6 3 9 3 2 3 7 5 6 7 5 6 49 22 2 2 4 4 | 8 Global 15 18 17 17 11 11 20 13 11 20 15 16 19 13 13 11 14 15 16 15 22 19 58 39 19 13 19 14 | 18 Tropical forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 5 30 4 11 4 7 16 4 11 8 7 8 12 6 14 4 11 4 9 8 9 5 11 12 6 5 14 22 | 10 NHSA 3 7 2 4 3 1 8 3 1 1 5 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 10 1 4 10 4 1 4 4 11 | 4 SHSA 140 113 136 69 48 54 87 155 179 103 151 70 47 119 39 58 30 43 91 66 83 47 83 102 77 127 101 245 | 96 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 19 18 13 21 6 5 9 13 14 11 16 12 12 13 17 16 10 13 19 28 20 16 19 29 26 23 33 39 | 18 SHAF 9 14 8 9 10 7 13 18 22 17 11 14 24 20 17 19 28 19 27 29 19 24 19 21 31 18 28 35 | 19 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 12 27 23 15 13 10 22 33 25 22 31 20 29 40 20 28 29 31 25 30 14 15 31 31 25 12 33 24 | 24 EQAS 103 39 17 19 5 13 8 19 15 34 7 7 21 4 7 10 7 22 37 3 1 3 13 1 1 1 5 2 | 16 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 295 251 209 152 94 101 167 248 272 200 232 137 151 207 119 141 120 139 215 179 152 118 188 203 171 193 221 382 | 188 Peat fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SHSA 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 1 0 2 2 2 1 3 6 3 3 3 4 | 3 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 | 1 SHAF 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 | 2 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 EQAS 100 23 10 10 3 10 7 17 8 32 3 3 15 2 10 12 5 24 41 3 1 6 22 1 1 0 8 1 | 14 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 107 33 18 17 7 14 14 25 16 39 9 10 22 9 15 21 12 30 49 12 7 11 32 12 9 8 17 12 | 21 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 8 9 4 10 4 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 | 2 TENA 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 | 3 CEAM 2 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 | 3 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 4 4 4 2 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 3 | 3 EURO 2 3 2 4 6 2 2 4 2 3 3 4 2 2 4 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 0 | 3 MIDE 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 | 2 NHAF 20 18 16 19 23 20 18 18 18 15 17 16 14 13 14 13 12 11 12 13 13 11 10 11 11 10 12 13 | 15 SHAF 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 | 2 BOAS 2 3 2 2 9 11 7 5 5 7 5 7 5 5 4 3 1 4 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 0 | 4 TEAS 11 8 8 8 26 22 14 16 21 18 19 27 21 14 11 12 11 23 18 11 17 11 13 12 6 6 8 10 | 15 SEAS 9 8 10 9 7 7 6 8 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 7 8 9 8 8 8 8 9 7 8 8 | 8 EQAS 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 AUST 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 3 2 3 0 0 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 | 2 Global 73 73 62 69 97 85 68 73 76 69 69 80 69 61 61 56 50 64 61 55 63 50 54 54 45 41 47 49 | 64