# Global Fire Emissions Database version 5 (GFED5) summary table. Data available for 1997-2024. # Please see www.globalfiredata.org for more information or contact guido.vanderwerf@wur.nl # Note that fire emission estimates carry substantial uncertainty # # NH3 emissions estimates in 1E10 g NH3 for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) '97-'24 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 | Mean BONA 17 51 19 18 10 24 17 63 29 20 15 16 17 31 19 19 45 35 55 13 29 15 26 3 27 31 174 75 | 33 TENA 4 6 5 5 4 3 4 3 4 5 6 6 4 4 6 6 4 4 6 5 8 6 3 11 8 5 5 5 | 6 CEAM 13 52 12 21 14 16 22 11 21 14 14 16 19 13 25 12 19 10 15 17 19 13 20 19 14 13 22 26 | 18 NHSA 10 14 7 10 9 5 13 9 6 5 10 7 7 8 4 6 7 9 9 18 5 10 15 11 4 8 10 17 | 9 SHSA 126 113 126 69 63 65 91 144 155 104 141 93 69 119 56 84 48 55 95 82 95 54 97 129 93 119 103 191 | 100 EURO 3 3 2 5 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 | 3 MIDE 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 | 2 NHAF 127 159 134 167 110 108 109 116 119 99 119 122 104 103 116 111 100 101 116 142 122 107 97 122 112 107 112 125 | 118 SHAF 125 164 120 121 155 148 148 139 159 134 135 148 152 155 148 148 166 145 166 166 151 146 155 146 160 143 160 162 | 149 BOAS 52 121 58 70 66 98 152 31 54 71 40 78 56 59 74 175 84 76 44 108 54 73 114 131 130 44 59 69 | 81 TEAS 19 15 11 12 20 21 15 17 18 17 21 25 19 15 11 15 11 19 17 10 16 11 14 12 9 9 9 9 | 15 SEAS 43 68 61 44 43 33 57 76 59 53 67 52 68 80 49 69 68 68 61 74 48 48 76 70 68 39 72 61 | 60 EQAS 738 187 80 83 29 82 57 127 65 241 26 26 115 16 76 89 42 179 300 23 11 45 156 11 8 5 60 13 | 104 AUST 23 23 44 45 44 32 23 31 19 30 26 17 26 13 37 33 21 25 25 20 28 30 55 28 18 16 36 20 | 29 Global 1306 984 686 680 578 643 719 777 717 803 632 615 665 625 631 777 623 735 918 689 597 565 837 703 659 549 830 783 | 726 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 1 2 | 2 CEAM 6 25 6 11 9 9 9 6 10 7 7 8 9 7 11 7 10 5 7 9 10 7 10 9 7 7 10 9 | 9 NHSA 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 1 2 3 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 2 3 3 5 | 4 SHSA 34 33 31 19 28 26 32 37 38 31 46 31 23 39 24 31 23 25 32 29 34 19 26 32 26 27 26 30 | 30 EURO 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 98 131 111 137 94 93 91 95 97 81 96 102 85 84 94 91 84 83 93 113 99 86 75 95 87 82 83 91 | 95 SHAF 109 141 105 105 145 139 129 119 133 113 119 129 129 133 128 127 138 125 135 136 128 122 126 127 131 122 134 126 | 127 BOAS 4 6 3 4 6 5 8 5 3 6 4 7 4 5 4 4 1 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 | 4 TEAS 7 5 4 4 4 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 3 4 3 5 5 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 | 5 SEAS 28 42 37 25 30 22 37 47 36 35 42 34 44 49 31 45 42 42 37 45 33 31 47 42 45 26 45 38 | 38 EQAS 14 7 3 3 0 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 3 0 2 2 1 3 5 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 | 3 AUST 17 18 37 39 40 28 15 26 14 22 21 14 18 10 33 29 14 19 19 14 22 24 19 12 15 14 31 16 | 22 Global 329 421 346 360 367 340 339 355 350 315 355 342 330 341 341 350 326 322 346 362 345 308 322 335 328 294 346 326 | 341 Boreal forest fires: BONA 12 43 16 12 7 21 14 62 28 18 13 14 16 29 19 18 42 32 53 12 25 12 26 2 24 30 168 72 | 30 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 45 111 51 63 51 83 136 18 43 56 31 64 45 48 64 153 78 67 39 102 49 67 108 123 123 36 51 65 | 71 TEAS 4 3 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 62 158 69 78 59 108 152 81 72 76 49 82 63 78 84 175 120 99 93 115 75 80 134 126 147 67 220 139 | 103 Temperate forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 | 0 TENA 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 0 6 3 1 1 1 | 2 CEAM 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 | 2 TEAS 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 4 2 4 4 2 2 6 2 2 5 3 2 6 1 1 2 4 3 4 4 3 4 31 14 1 1 2 2 | 5 Global 10 12 11 11 7 7 12 8 7 12 10 10 12 8 8 7 9 10 10 10 14 12 37 25 12 8 12 9 | 12 Tropical forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 3 15 2 5 2 3 8 2 6 4 3 4 6 3 7 2 5 2 4 4 5 2 5 6 3 2 7 11 | 5 NHSA 2 3 1 2 2 0 4 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 5 1 2 5 2 0 2 2 5 | 2 SHSA 72 59 71 36 25 28 45 80 93 53 78 36 24 61 20 30 15 22 47 34 43 24 43 53 40 66 52 127 | 50 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 9 9 7 11 3 2 4 7 7 5 8 6 6 6 9 8 5 7 9 14 10 8 9 15 13 12 17 20 | 9 SHAF 4 7 4 4 5 3 7 9 11 9 6 7 12 10 8 9 14 9 14 15 10 12 9 11 16 9 14 18 | 10 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 6 14 12 8 7 5 11 17 13 11 16 10 15 21 10 14 15 16 13 15 7 7 16 16 13 6 17 12 | 13 EQAS 54 20 9 10 2 7 4 9 8 17 3 3 11 2 4 5 3 11 19 2 0 1 6 0 0 0 2 1 | 8 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 153 131 108 79 49 52 86 129 141 104 120 71 78 108 62 73 62 72 111 93 79 61 97 105 89 100 115 199 | 98 Peat fires: BONA 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 2 | 1 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 2 6 1 2 0 0 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 2 | 2 NHSA 3 5 3 4 2 1 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 4 8 1 3 5 4 1 3 3 6 | 4 SHSA 16 18 21 12 7 8 10 22 20 16 13 22 18 15 8 20 7 6 13 16 13 7 25 41 24 23 22 31 | 17 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 8 9 8 10 2 1 4 4 4 4 6 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 6 8 6 6 7 6 6 7 5 7 | 6 SHAF 9 12 8 9 3 3 10 9 13 9 8 9 9 10 9 9 11 8 14 13 11 9 17 7 11 11 9 16 | 10 BOAS 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 15 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 | 2 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 | 1 SEAS 4 8 7 6 1 2 4 7 5 4 5 3 5 6 4 4 6 5 7 8 3 4 7 7 4 3 5 5 | 5 EQAS 668 159 67 68 25 72 51 113 54 217 20 20 100 13 69 81 36 164 274 20 9 42 146 10 7 4 56 11 | 92 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 716 225 120 117 48 94 95 167 109 261 63 70 147 59 105 143 81 199 326 81 53 78 218 84 60 58 114 85 | 142 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 4 4 2 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 TENA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 CEAM 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 | 2 EURO 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 MIDE 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 | 1 NHAF 9 8 7 9 10 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 6 6 5 4 5 5 4 5 6 | 7 SHAF 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1 BOAS 1 1 1 1 4 5 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 | 2 TEAS 5 4 3 4 12 10 6 7 10 8 9 13 10 6 5 5 5 10 8 5 8 5 6 5 3 3 3 5 | 7 SEAS 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 | 4 EQAS 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1 Global 34 34 29 32 45 40 32 34 36 32 32 37 32 29 28 26 23 30 29 26 29 23 25 25 21 19 22 23 | 30