# Global Fire Emissions Database version 5 (GFED5) summary table. Data available for 1997-2024. # Please see www.globalfiredata.org for more information or contact guido.vanderwerf@wur.nl # Note that fire emission estimates carry substantial uncertainty # # N2O emissions estimates in 1E9 g N2O for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) '97-'24 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 | Mean BONA 25 70 27 26 13 33 22 88 41 27 21 21 24 44 27 27 60 47 77 19 40 22 37 5 38 44 240 103 | 46 TENA 8 10 9 10 7 6 8 6 8 10 12 10 7 6 11 10 7 7 10 9 13 11 5 20 14 9 8 10 | 10 CEAM 23 95 22 41 30 32 40 21 39 27 27 31 36 25 45 23 36 19 28 34 37 25 37 36 26 25 40 46 | 34 NHSA 15 20 10 15 15 9 19 14 10 9 16 10 11 11 6 8 10 12 13 22 8 15 20 17 7 12 14 24 | 14 SHSA 208 184 199 111 114 114 159 231 251 171 245 146 106 201 98 133 86 101 160 134 160 92 144 178 138 181 157 286 | 161 EURO 6 7 5 10 7 3 5 5 6 5 6 4 4 3 6 7 4 3 3 4 8 3 4 3 4 5 3 4 | 5 MIDE 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 | 2 NHAF 255 334 279 349 234 229 227 243 247 207 243 254 219 212 235 232 211 210 240 287 251 218 197 247 224 212 225 248 | 242 SHAF 269 357 261 263 357 341 323 301 340 287 294 323 331 334 321 320 355 318 349 352 325 316 325 323 341 307 343 339 | 322 BOAS 78 176 85 102 98 143 220 48 77 104 60 118 83 89 107 233 117 112 66 151 78 104 162 183 185 65 85 97 | 116 TEAS 33 26 19 22 34 36 28 29 32 30 35 43 33 26 18 24 18 33 29 17 26 18 22 21 14 14 15 15 | 26 SEAS 87 134 120 84 91 70 116 150 116 108 134 105 137 157 99 141 134 136 119 144 98 97 150 136 139 81 147 122 | 120 EQAS 344 104 45 48 15 41 27 61 36 112 17 17 59 10 35 41 22 82 136 12 6 20 65 5 4 3 27 7 | 51 AUST 44 44 87 84 84 60 42 58 37 56 50 35 51 27 72 67 39 47 45 39 51 56 90 49 38 34 65 40 | 54 Global 1401 1570 1176 1171 1106 1126 1244 1262 1245 1162 1168 1125 1108 1153 1089 1276 1107 1137 1284 1232 1110 1004 1268 1231 1180 997 1377 1349 | 1203 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 | 1 TENA 4 5 5 5 3 2 3 3 4 6 7 5 3 3 6 6 3 3 5 5 6 6 3 7 7 4 3 5 | 5 CEAM 15 62 14 27 23 24 24 14 25 16 18 20 23 17 27 16 24 13 18 23 25 17 24 23 17 17 24 24 | 22 NHSA 10 12 7 10 11 7 10 10 8 7 10 7 8 7 4 5 7 8 8 10 6 10 10 11 5 7 9 13 | 9 SHSA 86 83 78 48 69 64 81 93 96 78 114 77 58 96 61 76 56 62 78 72 83 48 65 78 64 68 64 75 | 74 EURO 3 4 2 5 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 221 302 253 314 210 209 204 216 220 184 215 229 196 190 208 207 192 189 213 251 222 194 172 212 192 182 186 204 | 214 SHAF 255 336 248 248 344 331 306 282 315 268 280 305 306 312 301 300 326 298 320 322 303 291 302 302 310 287 315 303 | 301 BOAS 11 15 9 10 15 14 20 14 9 16 10 18 12 14 10 10 5 12 8 6 5 7 6 6 8 9 9 4 | 11 TEAS 15 13 9 10 10 15 14 14 13 13 13 15 12 11 8 9 7 12 11 6 9 7 9 9 6 6 6 4 | 11 SEAS 68 103 91 62 74 55 91 114 87 84 101 82 106 117 76 110 103 103 90 109 79 76 115 102 110 64 112 93 | 93 EQAS 36 19 8 9 2 5 3 7 4 11 4 4 8 2 5 6 4 9 13 2 1 3 5 1 0 0 4 1 | 7 AUST 37 38 78 75 78 54 31 51 31 45 44 31 40 23 67 61 31 40 37 30 42 48 41 27 34 30 59 34 | 45 Global 768 998 807 832 847 787 795 825 820 737 825 800 779 798 781 817 764 756 810 844 796 714 760 785 764 684 800 768 | 796 Boreal forest fires: BONA 17 60 22 17 9 30 20 87 39 26 19 20 22 41 26 25 58 44 74 17 35 17 36 3 33 42 234 101 | 43 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 62 155 71 88 72 116 190 25 61 78 43 90 63 67 90 214 109 93 54 142 68 94 150 172 171 51 71 91 | 99 TEAS 6 4 1 3 1 3 1 0 0 1 5 4 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 2 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 86 221 96 108 83 151 212 113 101 106 68 114 88 109 117 243 168 139 130 160 105 112 188 176 205 94 307 194 | 143 Temperate forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 | 0 TENA 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 3 1 4 3 0 9 5 2 2 2 | 2 CEAM 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 | 1 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 BOAS 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 1 4 2 3 3 4 2 1 0 3 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 2 0 | 2 TEAS 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 | 2 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 6 4 6 6 3 3 10 3 3 8 5 3 8 2 2 3 6 4 5 7 5 6 46 20 2 2 4 4 | 7 Global 14 17 16 16 10 10 18 12 11 18 14 15 18 12 13 11 13 14 15 14 21 17 54 36 18 12 18 13 | 17 Tropical forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 4 24 3 8 3 5 13 3 9 6 5 6 9 4 11 3 8 3 7 7 7 4 8 10 5 4 11 18 | 8 NHSA 3 5 2 3 3 1 6 2 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 8 1 3 8 3 1 3 3 9 | 3 SHSA 112 91 110 55 38 44 70 124 144 82 121 56 38 95 31 47 24 35 73 53 67 38 67 82 62 102 81 197 | 77 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 15 15 11 17 5 4 7 10 12 9 13 10 9 10 14 13 8 11 15 23 16 13 15 23 21 19 27 31 | 15 SHAF 7 11 6 7 8 6 11 14 17 14 9 11 19 16 13 15 23 15 22 23 15 19 15 17 25 14 22 28 | 16 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 10 22 18 12 10 8 18 27 20 17 25 16 23 32 16 23 23 25 20 24 11 12 25 24 20 9 26 20 | 20 EQAS 83 31 14 15 4 11 6 15 12 27 5 5 17 3 6 8 5 17 30 3 1 2 10 1 1 1 4 1 | 13 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 237 202 168 122 76 81 134 199 219 160 186 110 121 166 95 113 96 111 172 143 122 95 151 163 137 155 177 307 | 151 Peat fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHSA 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 | 1 SHSA 5 6 7 4 2 2 3 7 6 5 4 7 6 5 2 6 2 2 4 5 4 2 8 13 8 7 7 10 | 6 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 2 3 2 3 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 | 2 SHAF 3 4 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 3 3 5 2 3 3 3 5 | 3 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 | 2 EQAS 222 53 22 22 8 24 17 37 18 72 6 6 33 4 23 27 12 54 91 6 3 14 48 3 2 1 18 3 | 31 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 238 75 40 39 16 31 31 55 36 87 21 23 49 19 35 47 27 66 108 27 17 26 72 28 20 19 38 28 | 47 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 6 6 3 8 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 2 TENA 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 | 2 CEAM 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 | 2 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 | 3 EURO 1 2 1 3 5 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 | 2 MIDE 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 | 2 NHAF 15 13 12 14 17 15 14 13 13 11 12 12 10 9 10 9 9 8 9 10 9 8 7 8 8 7 9 9 | 11 SHAF 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 2 BOAS 2 2 1 1 6 8 5 4 4 5 3 5 4 4 3 2 0 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 0 | 3 TEAS 8 6 6 6 19 16 10 12 16 13 14 20 15 10 8 9 8 17 14 8 13 8 9 9 5 5 6 8 | 11 SEAS 7 6 7 7 5 5 4 6 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 5 6 6 | 6 EQAS 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 | 2 Global 55 55 47 52 72 64 51 55 57 51 52 60 51 46 46 42 37 48 46 41 47 37 40 40 34 30 35 36 | 48