# Global Fire Emissions Database version 5 (GFED5) summary table. Data available for 1997-2024. # Please see www.globalfiredata.org for more information or contact guido.vanderwerf@wur.nl # Note that fire emission estimates carry substantial uncertainty # # MEK emissions estimates in 1E9 g MEK for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) '97-'24 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 | Mean BONA 20 44 18 23 10 19 13 45 22 15 12 12 13 24 15 15 32 26 41 10 23 13 19 3 22 23 125 54 | 26 TENA 8 11 10 11 8 7 9 7 9 11 13 12 8 8 12 12 8 8 12 10 15 12 6 21 15 10 9 11 | 11 CEAM 29 125 27 52 34 39 58 26 51 36 34 40 49 31 62 28 48 24 37 42 47 30 48 49 33 31 56 71 | 45 NHSA 19 27 12 19 19 10 28 17 11 11 20 12 13 14 7 9 12 15 17 33 10 19 31 21 8 16 18 36 | 18 SHSA 361 307 350 186 163 171 253 402 448 282 408 220 157 329 139 195 115 145 257 203 249 142 235 292 223 322 267 563 | 264 EURO 6 8 5 11 10 4 6 6 7 6 7 6 4 4 7 8 4 3 4 5 9 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 | 6 MIDE 1 4 3 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 5 4 4 2 3 2 4 4 3 2 3 4 2 1 2 3 | 3 NHAF 275 341 287 361 242 234 236 254 261 216 260 264 225 223 254 244 216 220 254 316 270 233 212 276 253 237 261 289 | 258 SHAF 258 340 248 250 334 316 309 295 334 282 282 312 329 330 313 314 357 310 350 355 318 315 316 316 348 301 347 347 | 316 BOAS 47 99 49 58 64 89 128 36 49 68 40 75 53 57 63 130 63 66 39 82 44 58 89 99 101 40 49 52 | 68 TEAS 34 28 23 24 47 46 34 39 43 40 43 54 42 33 24 30 24 45 38 23 35 23 29 27 18 18 19 20 | 33 SEAS 98 157 140 99 101 78 134 180 139 125 163 122 162 195 116 165 160 163 141 171 109 109 177 164 160 91 174 143 | 141 EQAS 516 160 71 76 24 63 40 92 58 170 27 26 92 15 49 59 33 121 201 18 8 27 93 8 6 5 37 11 | 76 AUST 47 47 91 94 94 67 44 65 39 60 53 35 52 27 79 70 41 51 51 40 59 62 95 50 38 34 75 42 | 58 Global 1726 1704 1339 1271 1158 1153 1301 1472 1480 1331 1371 1198 1210 1301 1150 1287 1123 1206 1452 1320 1207 1056 1366 1341 1237 1140 1450 1651 | 1322 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 | 1 TENA 4 5 4 5 3 2 3 2 3 5 7 4 3 2 6 5 3 3 4 4 6 5 2 7 6 4 3 5 | 5 CEAM 13 53 12 24 20 20 21 12 22 14 16 18 20 15 24 14 21 11 16 20 22 15 21 20 15 15 21 20 | 20 NHSA 8 10 6 8 9 6 9 8 6 6 9 6 6 6 3 4 6 7 7 8 5 8 9 10 4 6 8 11 | 8 SHSA 73 71 66 41 60 55 69 80 82 66 99 66 50 83 52 67 48 53 68 62 72 41 56 68 56 58 55 64 | 64 EURO 2 3 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 4 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 209 277 235 291 200 198 193 203 207 172 204 216 182 178 200 193 180 176 198 240 211 183 159 201 184 174 177 193 | 202 SHAF 231 300 222 223 308 296 274 252 282 241 252 275 273 283 271 269 292 266 287 289 272 260 269 269 279 258 284 268 | 270 BOAS 9 12 7 8 12 11 17 12 8 14 8 15 10 11 9 8 4 10 6 5 4 5 5 5 7 7 7 3 | 9 TEAS 14 12 8 9 10 16 13 15 13 14 13 14 11 11 7 9 7 12 11 6 10 7 10 9 6 6 5 4 | 11 SEAS 60 89 79 53 64 48 80 100 76 74 89 72 94 103 66 97 90 90 79 96 70 67 101 90 96 56 97 81 | 81 EQAS 30 15 7 7 2 4 2 6 4 10 3 3 6 2 4 5 3 8 11 1 1 2 5 0 0 0 3 1 | 6 AUST 38 39 80 83 85 59 31 56 31 47 46 30 39 22 71 63 30 41 40 29 48 51 40 26 32 30 67 35 | 46 Global 698 894 735 764 779 721 720 753 742 670 754 726 701 724 723 744 691 684 735 769 732 653 684 711 695 623 734 691 | 724 Boreal forest fires: BONA 8 31 11 8 5 15 10 44 20 13 9 10 11 21 13 13 29 22 38 9 17 9 18 1 17 21 119 51 | 22 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 32 79 36 44 36 59 97 12 31 39 22 46 32 34 45 109 55 47 27 72 35 48 76 88 87 26 36 46 | 50 TEAS 3 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 44 112 49 55 42 77 108 57 51 54 34 58 45 55 59 124 85 71 66 81 53 57 95 90 105 48 156 99 | 73 Temperate forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 | 0 TENA 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 0 2 1 1 2 3 2 5 3 1 10 5 2 3 2 | 3 CEAM 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 | 1 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 | 1 EURO 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 BOAS 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 4 2 3 3 4 2 1 0 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 0 | 2 TEAS 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 | 2 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 6 4 6 7 4 4 10 3 3 8 6 3 9 3 2 3 7 5 6 7 5 6 50 22 2 2 4 4 | 8 Global 16 19 17 18 11 11 20 13 11 20 16 17 19 13 14 12 15 16 16 16 22 19 59 39 19 13 19 15 | 19 Tropical forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 11 59 9 21 9 13 31 8 22 16 14 16 23 11 29 9 21 9 17 17 19 10 21 25 13 11 28 45 | 20 NHSA 7 14 5 8 7 3 16 6 3 3 9 4 4 6 2 3 4 6 8 21 3 8 19 8 3 8 8 22 | 8 SHSA 274 222 268 135 94 107 172 304 351 202 296 137 94 233 77 115 59 85 179 130 164 93 164 200 152 250 198 480 | 187 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 37 37 27 42 12 10 18 26 29 22 32 25 23 25 34 33 19 27 37 56 40 32 37 57 52 46 66 77 | 35 SHAF 18 27 16 18 21 14 26 35 43 34 22 28 48 39 33 37 56 37 53 58 38 47 37 41 61 36 55 69 | 38 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1 SEAS 24 54 45 30 26 19 44 66 50 43 62 40 57 80 39 56 58 61 49 59 27 29 61 60 49 23 65 48 | 48 EQAS 203 77 34 38 10 26 15 37 31 67 14 14 43 8 15 19 14 43 74 7 3 6 26 2 2 2 9 4 | 31 AUST 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 Global 578 493 410 298 185 198 327 487 534 392 454 268 297 407 234 278 235 273 421 351 299 232 369 398 335 379 433 749 | 369 Peat fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 | 1 NHSA 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 3 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 2 | 1 SHSA 6 7 8 5 3 3 4 9 8 6 5 9 7 6 3 8 3 2 5 6 5 3 10 17 10 9 9 13 | 7 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 3 4 3 4 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 | 3 SHAF 3 5 3 3 1 1 4 3 5 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 5 3 6 5 4 4 7 3 4 4 4 6 | 4 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 | 1 TEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SEAS 1 3 3 2 0 0 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 | 2 EQAS 279 66 28 28 10 30 21 47 22 90 8 8 41 5 29 33 15 68 114 8 3 17 61 4 2 1 23 4 | 39 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 299 94 50 49 20 39 39 69 45 109 26 29 61 24 44 59 33 83 136 34 22 32 91 35 25 24 47 35 | 59 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 10 11 5 13 5 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 | 3 TENA 2 3 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 | 4 CEAM 2 5 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 | 3 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 5 5 5 3 5 5 6 6 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 2 3 | 4 EURO 3 3 3 5 8 3 3 4 3 3 3 5 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 | 3 MIDE 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 1 3 2 4 3 2 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 | 3 NHAF 25 22 20 23 28 25 23 22 22 19 20 20 17 16 17 16 14 13 15 16 15 13 12 14 13 12 15 15 | 18 SHAF 3 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 | 3 BOAS 3 3 2 2 11 14 8 6 7 8 6 9 6 6 5 4 1 5 2 2 3 2 4 3 3 3 2 0 | 5 TEAS 13 10 10 10 32 27 17 19 26 22 23 33 25 17 14 14 13 28 23 14 21 13 16 15 8 8 9 13 | 18 SEAS 11 10 12 12 9 9 7 9 9 6 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 11 10 10 10 10 11 9 10 10 | 10 EQAS 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 AUST 2 3 3 1 3 2 0 4 3 3 0 1 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 2 4 2 2 0 2 1 2 2 | 3 Global 89 89 76 85 118 104 84 90 94 84 85 98 84 75 75 69 61 78 75 67 77 61 66 66 55 50 58 60 | 78