# Global Fire Emissions Database version 5 (GFED5) summary table. Data available for 1997-2024. # Please see www.globalfiredata.org for more information or contact guido.vanderwerf@wur.nl # Note that fire emission estimates carry substantial uncertainty # # HOCH2CHO emissions estimates in 1E9 g HOCH2CHO for the globe, different regions, and different fire types All fire types combined: Year (Beta) (Beta) '97-'24 Region 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 | Mean BONA 137 304 126 152 72 136 91 323 156 107 83 86 94 168 106 104 225 181 288 75 159 86 137 26 146 162 877 380 | 179 TENA 46 60 52 56 49 39 51 41 54 61 70 62 45 47 65 64 43 46 62 56 74 62 36 99 72 50 49 58 | 57 CEAM 160 683 146 282 186 216 322 144 282 200 190 220 271 172 335 154 265 134 207 233 260 165 265 274 183 170 308 394 | 244 NHSA 104 149 69 106 104 56 155 93 62 59 115 69 71 81 40 54 67 87 96 188 56 107 177 117 47 92 101 203 | 98 SHSA 2018 1715 1960 1042 900 952 1408 2246 2508 1571 2271 1221 870 1835 766 1079 635 798 1429 1128 1375 791 1313 1631 1239 1803 1490 3170 | 1471 EURO 38 47 34 66 63 27 38 41 40 36 44 40 29 24 45 47 27 24 23 29 50 27 35 21 25 29 19 21 | 36 MIDE 11 27 19 12 19 16 17 17 16 19 21 13 32 26 26 17 23 17 29 26 20 14 24 24 16 10 18 19 | 20 NHAF 1482 1820 1531 1930 1298 1256 1266 1363 1402 1160 1398 1413 1206 1193 1363 1308 1155 1175 1359 1693 1444 1247 1137 1483 1358 1272 1408 1563 | 1382 SHAF 1354 1790 1303 1317 1754 1656 1627 1557 1767 1492 1484 1641 1741 1743 1649 1657 1889 1637 1854 1882 1680 1664 1670 1669 1846 1591 1837 1845 | 1665 BOAS 306 665 326 390 414 589 852 217 321 433 254 482 340 364 419 888 437 438 255 566 300 393 613 686 690 259 327 360 | 450 TEAS 199 163 132 140 284 277 201 227 256 236 256 324 252 191 142 178 141 266 227 137 210 139 171 159 102 103 110 120 | 191 SEAS 539 859 769 546 551 427 729 984 762 684 890 669 880 1065 637 899 874 892 771 935 595 599 965 899 874 497 953 780 | 769 EQAS 2985 919 407 436 140 366 236 533 338 982 154 152 532 90 288 343 190 699 1166 105 51 159 541 47 36 30 216 64 | 436 AUST 237 241 467 480 485 346 214 336 200 303 269 180 256 142 410 365 204 259 259 200 304 314 406 224 195 177 385 214 | 289 Global 9623 9448 7347 6962 6325 6367 7214 8129 8170 7349 7505 6576 6625 7147 6300 7163 6182 6659 8033 7259 6585 5772 7498 7365 6837 6251 8105 9198 | 7286 Savanna, grassland, and shrubland fires: BONA 3 5 4 4 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 2 5 0 1 0 2 1 0 10 7 0 0 6 1 7 1 | 3 TENA 21 27 24 27 16 13 17 14 19 29 36 23 18 14 32 30 18 17 23 24 32 29 14 37 34 23 16 26 | 24 CEAM 69 280 66 126 104 108 110 66 115 77 83 95 105 79 128 77 111 60 85 108 117 80 112 105 82 80 110 109 | 102 NHSA 46 53 31 46 51 32 48 44 36 33 49 35 35 32 20 25 34 40 37 46 28 46 48 54 24 34 42 58 | 40 SHSA 383 373 346 216 312 286 361 417 428 346 516 345 260 435 274 349 253 277 355 323 374 217 294 354 291 306 287 336 | 333 EURO 14 17 11 25 7 5 13 7 14 9 16 6 8 6 11 19 8 4 7 8 25 5 8 7 8 13 6 7 | 11 MIDE 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 2 | 2 NHAF 1085 1443 1225 1511 1039 1030 1003 1056 1079 895 1061 1126 945 927 1040 1003 934 919 1032 1247 1096 953 826 1046 959 906 919 1004 | 1047 SHAF 1202 1561 1157 1158 1600 1539 1426 1312 1467 1252 1310 1431 1422 1473 1412 1399 1521 1383 1493 1503 1413 1352 1398 1399 1451 1344 1477 1392 | 1402 BOAS 49 67 40 46 66 61 90 62 41 73 45 81 54 62 47 45 21 53 35 26 24 30 29 27 38 40 40 17 | 47 TEAS 77 65 44 51 54 83 70 77 71 74 67 76 61 59 40 51 36 64 61 33 54 39 52 47 35 34 29 22 | 55 SEAS 314 462 410 280 337 250 415 523 397 385 464 374 488 540 347 504 469 468 410 503 364 349 528 467 503 292 505 420 | 421 EQAS 160 81 36 40 10 24 15 34 22 52 18 17 35 10 25 27 17 42 61 9 5 13 26 4 3 3 17 7 | 30 AUST 197 203 415 433 446 309 165 292 162 246 241 158 206 114 372 327 159 215 212 154 250 266 209 138 170 157 349 182 | 241 Global 3627 4646 3818 3971 4049 3748 3742 3914 3857 3480 3916 3775 3645 3765 3756 3866 3591 3553 3821 3994 3802 3392 3554 3694 3613 3239 3813 3591 | 3759 Boreal forest fires: BONA 62 219 81 62 35 110 73 316 142 95 69 73 81 149 95 93 211 162 270 64 126 64 131 13 121 155 847 365 | 154 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EURO 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 3 | 1 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 BOAS 226 561 259 318 260 422 688 91 221 281 157 325 230 242 325 773 395 337 197 514 248 339 544 623 620 185 260 332 | 357 TEAS 21 16 6 11 4 11 4 1 1 3 18 14 6 1 1 13 0 1 3 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 6 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 Global 312 799 349 393 301 546 767 409 365 383 247 414 320 394 423 881 608 503 471 579 380 407 679 638 743 341 1109 701 | 517 Temperate forest fires: BONA 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 6 0 0 6 1 8 1 | 2 TENA 6 9 9 8 4 5 4 3 3 6 7 12 4 3 7 6 5 7 11 7 17 13 3 36 19 8 10 9 | 9 CEAM 2 11 5 6 2 1 2 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 12 4 3 0 0 2 4 3 4 1 4 3 3 4 | 4 NHSA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHSA 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 6 4 5 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 5 3 11 2 3 4 5 3 9 3 | 4 EURO 2 2 1 3 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 5 0 1 1 2 4 1 2 | 2 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 SHAF 2 6 5 4 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 2 | 2 BOAS 5 9 6 5 10 11 12 12 6 15 7 13 12 15 8 6 3 11 6 4 5 8 6 3 9 6 8 3 | 8 TEAS 9 6 6 6 5 3 4 6 5 5 6 9 8 9 4 3 7 9 6 5 5 5 6 8 6 7 6 7 | 7 SEAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 | 1 EQAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 AUST 22 16 22 25 14 14 37 13 12 29 21 12 32 10 9 12 25 18 21 26 20 22 172 77 9 8 15 15 | 26 Global 54 65 60 61 40 39 69 46 40 69 54 58 66 45 48 40 50 54 57 54 78 66 201 135 67 47 67 50 | 64 Tropical forest fires: BONA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TENA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 CEAM 64 340 53 123 54 79 180 46 129 95 80 94 135 67 165 52 124 52 100 97 109 60 122 142 76 64 163 255 | 112 NHSA 43 79 28 48 44 18 92 37 18 20 56 25 28 38 15 20 24 36 47 119 21 50 113 50 18 47 47 127 | 47 SHSA 1559 1262 1524 771 535 611 976 1726 1993 1147 1680 782 533 1325 441 655 339 484 1017 741 933 533 931 1140 863 1419 1124 2729 | 1064 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 NHAF 213 210 155 243 70 59 102 149 166 127 187 142 133 145 196 188 112 154 213 318 230 187 213 327 295 266 374 437 | 201 SHAF 104 157 94 106 122 83 152 201 245 195 129 163 275 224 192 213 318 213 305 330 221 270 212 235 351 205 317 396 | 216 BOAS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 TEAS 2 2 7 1 10 4 9 13 9 8 10 5 7 8 2 12 6 8 4 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 6 4 | 6 SEAS 138 308 259 173 149 112 251 377 289 245 353 231 323 454 224 318 330 347 279 338 156 168 348 345 282 134 369 277 | 271 EQAS 1155 439 198 220 61 152 89 211 177 384 81 80 244 45 87 112 80 247 422 43 20 38 147 15 14 14 55 26 | 174 AUST 2 1 7 7 4 4 3 1 3 1 2 1 4 1 2 3 3 5 3 2 1 7 2 1 1 0 2 1 | 3 Global 3284 2803 2329 1696 1053 1127 1858 2767 3033 2227 2582 1525 1686 2310 1328 1577 1339 1550 2394 1993 1697 1317 2095 2261 1906 2156 2460 4256 | 2094 Peat fires: BONA 1 5 1 0 2 2 5 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 6 4 2 0 3 0 0 0 2 1 9 5 | 2 TENA 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 CEAM 5 16 3 5 2 1 6 2 6 2 4 3 4 2 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 5 4 2 2 6 5 | 4 NHSA 9 13 7 10 6 3 11 9 5 4 7 6 6 8 3 6 6 8 9 21 4 8 13 11 3 8 9 15 | 9 SHSA 40 44 52 31 19 20 25 55 50 40 33 56 46 38 21 49 19 14 33 40 34 19 62 101 59 57 55 77 | 43 EURO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 MIDE 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 1 NHAF 21 24 19 25 5 4 11 11 12 11 15 13 14 15 15 13 12 13 16 19 15 16 18 16 15 19 14 19 | 16 SHAF 23 30 20 23 7 8 25 23 32 24 21 23 22 24 24 24 29 21 36 33 28 23 43 18 27 27 24 39 | 26 BOAS 1 2 1 2 4 2 5 6 6 6 2 1 1 1 4 36 7 0 0 4 2 1 2 7 1 3 4 3 | 5 TEAS 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 4 3 2 | 2 SEAS 10 20 17 14 4 5 11 18 14 10 13 9 12 15 9 11 15 13 17 20 9 10 18 17 12 8 12 14 | 13 EQAS 1649 392 166 170 63 179 126 280 134 536 51 51 247 32 172 200 90 405 676 50 23 103 361 24 17 10 138 27 | 228 AUST 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 8 2 0 0 0 0 | 2 Global 1767 556 297 290 119 232 235 412 268 643 156 172 362 147 261 352 199 493 804 201 130 193 538 208 148 144 281 211 | 351 Agricultural waste burning: BONA 69 71 37 83 33 23 9 5 11 8 9 10 8 10 8 8 6 11 13 9 14 7 5 11 8 3 5 6 | 18 TENA 17 21 18 18 28 20 27 22 29 24 25 25 22 28 23 26 18 20 26 24 22 17 17 25 17 17 21 21 | 23 CEAM 18 36 16 20 21 24 23 28 27 21 21 23 25 20 24 17 22 17 17 21 25 18 20 19 18 20 23 19 | 22 NHSA 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 | 2 SHSA 34 33 35 21 33 32 42 39 31 31 37 33 27 33 27 21 21 18 17 20 21 19 21 30 19 15 13 23 | 27 EURO 19 25 20 35 54 19 21 31 22 24 24 32 18 16 32 24 16 16 13 17 18 19 24 12 12 11 10 7 | 22 MIDE 8 22 16 9 17 15 15 15 14 15 16 9 28 22 23 11 19 13 26 21 14 12 21 20 10 7 15 17 | 17 NHAF 161 141 130 149 182 162 148 145 144 124 134 130 111 104 111 103 95 88 96 107 102 89 79 92 88 81 99 102 | 118 SHAF 22 34 25 24 23 23 21 18 20 18 20 20 20 19 19 19 18 17 17 14 14 13 14 14 14 12 16 14 | 19 BOAS 23 24 18 18 72 91 56 43 46 56 40 60 42 43 34 26 9 33 15 16 20 13 30 23 21 24 13 4 | 33 TEAS 86 69 66 67 207 174 110 126 167 142 151 217 166 111 91 95 88 180 148 93 141 89 103 98 54 53 62 84 | 116 SEAS 76 67 80 77 59 58 49 64 61 42 57 52 54 55 55 62 58 61 63 71 65 70 69 68 75 61 65 65 | 63 EQAS 19 6 5 5 5 9 5 7 4 8 3 2 4 1 3 3 2 4 6 1 2 3 5 2 1 1 4 2 | 5 AUST 13 19 19 12 19 16 5 27 19 23 3 7 11 15 25 21 12 18 19 14 31 16 13 5 13 10 18 14 | 16 Global 576 576 492 548 761 673 540 578 603 544 546 629 544 484 482 445 392 503 484 436 495 394 428 426 356 322 373 385 | 501